Communication interface between an emission control system and internal combustion engine

ABSTRACT

An interface circuit assembly for use with an electronic control unit and oxygen sensor of an internal combustion engine. The assembly includes an input port coupled to receive a signal from the oxygen sensor and a processing unit coupled with the input port. The processing unit increases the signal to an output voltage as a function of hydrogen being provided to the internal combustion engine. An output port is coupled with the processing unit and provides the output voltage to the electronic control unit.

BACKGROUND

Adding hydrogen to gasoline in an internal combustion engine includes: splitting water, producing a hydrogen and oxygen mixture, combining the mixture with ambient air in the intake manifold, injecting fossil fuel into the cylinder, compressing it with a piston, and igniting the mixture. As a result, in current hydrogen systems, there is less hydrocarbon reaction in the exhaust compared with a gasoline-only conventional internal combustion engine. By utilizing hydrogen in combination with an internal combustion engine, emission from fossil fuel ignition can be reduced. However, the reduced hydrocarbon in the exhaust causes an oxygen sensor to send a message to an electronic control unit (ECU) that enriches the gasoline. This enrichment can flood the carburetor and present other undesirable issues.

SUMMARY

An interface circuit assembly for use with an electronic control unit and oxygen sensor of an internal combustion engine. The assembly includes an input port coupled to receive a signal from the oxygen sensor and a processing unit coupled with the input port. The processing unit transforms the signal to an output voltage as a function of hydrogen being provided to the internal combustion engine. An output port is coupled with the processing unit and provides the output voltage to the electronic control unit.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of components of an automobile having an internal combustion engine with an emission control system and a source of hydrogen.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a circuit.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a cable connection between a circuit and a wire harness to the oxygen sensor and ECU.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of waveforms showing a difference between an input signal and output signal.

DESCRIPTION

An Emission Control System (ECS) for an automobile is designed to fulfill Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) mandates to reduce harmful emissions. As one function, the ECS protects the automobile by adjusting the air to fuel (e.g., gasoline) ratio in the mixture that is combusted. Current ECS include an oxygen sensor located in an exhaust pipe of the automobile to generate a signal that is sent to an electronic control unit (ECU). In response, the ECU can raise or lower the air to fuel ratio of the mixture.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of components of an automobile 10, including an internal combustion engine (ICE) 11 having an intake manifold 12. An electrical control unit (ECU) 13 is operatively coupled with the ICE 11 in order to control air to fuel ratio of the mixture provided to the ICE 11 based on signals from an oxygen sensor 14. The ECU 13 and oxygen sensor 14 are communicatively coupled through a wire harness 15.

A battery 16 is coupled with an interface circuit 17 to transform signals from the oxygen sensor 14 to the ECU when hydrogen is being provided to the ICE 11. The interface circuit 17 is coupled to the wire harness 5 through a connection assembly 8 (e.g., a pair of pigtail connections 21 a and 21 b) in order to provide modification to signals from the oxygen sensor 14 when an electrolysis cell 19 provides hydrogen to the ICE 11. The interface circuit 17 is connected with an input port 22 a and an output port 22 b of the interface circuit 17. The water cell 19 can be controlled with a suitable circuit box 20. Wires 23 connect the battery with the interface circuit 17.

A wire 24 connects the battery 16 with the electrolysis water cell 19 and a wire 25 connects the electrolysis cell with the circuit box 20. A further wire 26 connects the circuit box 20 with the battery 16. The water cell 19 contains water that will be converted to hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis. The water cell 19 further includes a water tank 27 that charges negative ions and regulates the impurity of distilled water that is forced to the electrolysis water cell 19 so as to control amperage.

During operation, power from the battery 16 is provided to the water cell 19, where water within tank 19 is split into hydrogen and oxygen. This mixture is then provided into the intake manifold 12 and mixed with ambient air. The fuel (e.g., gasoline) is also injected into the ambient air-hydrogen mixture in the ICE 11. The ICE 11 ignites the mixture to produce power through combustion. A cooling coil and capture container 28 can be provided to capture water from the exhaust of the ICE 11. Carbon capture from this water and the water can be recycled from container 28.

In a conventional automobile, the oxygen sensor 14 sends a signal to the ECU 13. Dependent upon the signal from the oxygen sensor 14, the ECU 13 will protect various valves and other elements (e.g., a catalytic converter) associated with the ICE 11 by modifying operation of the ICE 11. When hydrogen is further supplied to the intake manifold 12, the oxygen sensor 14 produces a signal indicative of low levels of hydrocarbons in the exhaust of the ICE 11. As a result, the ECU 13 will adjust operation of the ICE 11 to increase enrichment of the fuel. However, this situation is undesirable when using hydrogen as an additive with ICE 11.

When interface circuit 17 is in operation, the circuit 17 adds voltage to the signal from the oxygen sensor 14. The oxygen sensor 14 signal can gate a switch (e.g. a MOSFET) of the interface circuit 17. In particular, the switch creates a hard pulse that is sent to the ECU 13. In response, the ECU 13 determines that hydrocarbons levels are appropriate and does not adjust operation of the ICE 11.

FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a circuit diagram showing one example circuit layout of circuit 17. Signals from the oxygen sensor are provided to an input port (Input-1) and sent to a switch gate (Q2). In one embodiment, the switch is a gated metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) that is used to control the added voltage to the signal provided to by the input port. The switch creates an on/off voltage pulse that is sent to an output (output-2). A diode (D2) is used to connect the input (input-1) and the output (output-2) in the direction of the output (output-2). The circuit can be powered from the battery 16 and, in order to achieve a selected voltage, can use a voltage regulator (IC4) one or more capacitors (C1, C2) to stabilize the voltage, one or more resistors (R10-R16) and one or more potentiometers (R9, R12) to step down and adjust the voltage.

FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a diagram illustrating connection of the circuit 17 into the wire harness 15 connecting the oxygen sensor 14 to the electronic control unit 13. The connector 21 a is connected to closest to the ECU 13, whereas the connector 21 b is connected closest to the oxygen sensor 14. An input signal (I) travels to connector 21 b and is sent from a tap 50 through port 22 b to circuit 17 and to a diode 51. The interface circuit 17 then adds voltage to signal (I). This increased voltage signal (FIG. 2. Output-2) is sent through port 22 a and a tap 52. An output signal (O) is provided through connector 21 a and on to the ECU 13. FIG. 4 is an example waveform illustrating a difference between the input signal (I) and the output signal (O).

Various embodiments of the invention have been described above for purposes of illustrating the details thereof and to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention. The details and features of the disclosed embodiment[s] are not intended to be limiting, as many variations and modifications will be readily apparent to those of skill in the art. Accordingly, the scope of the present disclosure is intended to be interpreted broadly and to include all variations and modifications coming within the scope and spirit of the appended claims and their legal equivalents. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. An electronic interface circuit assembly for use with an internal combustion engine and positioned between an oxygen sensor and an electronic control unit of an automobile, comprising: a first connector coupled to receive an input signal from the oxygen sensor; a second connector coupled to send an output signal to the electronic control unit; a first diode connected to the first connector to direct the input signal to the second connector; an interface circuit, comprising: an input port coupled to receive the input signal from the first connector; a switch coupled with the input port and transforming the input signal to an output voltage by adding voltage to the input signal as a function of hydrogen and gasoline being provided to the internal combustion engine; an output port coupled with the switch and providing the output voltage to the second connector; and a second diode connected to the input port to direct the output voltage to the output port to produce the output signal that is indicative of the input signal and the output voltage.
 2. The interface circuit assembly of claim 1, wherein the switch is a gated metal-oxide semiconductor field emission transistor.
 3. The interface circuit assembly of claim 1, wherein the output voltage includes a pulse comprising a selected duration at a selected voltage level.
 4. The interface circuit assembly of claim 3, wherein the selected voltage level is in a range from approximately 0.08 volts to 0.90 volts.
 5. The interface circuit assembly of claim 1, wherein connection between the oxygen sensor and the electronic control unit is not bypassed during operation.
 6. The interface circuit assembly of claim 1, wherein the processing unit includes a plurality of resistors.
 7. The interface circuit assembly of claim 1, wherein the interface circuit includes a plurality of capacitors.
 8. The interface circuit assembly of claim 1, wherein the interface circuit includes a plurality of potentiometers.
 9. An automobile, comprising: an internal combustion engine; an oxygen sensor coupled with the internal combustion engine; a first connector coupled to the oxygen sensor to receive an input signal from the oxygen sensor; an electrical control unit coupled with the oxygen sensor; a second connector coupled to send an output signal to the electronic control unit; a first diode connected to the first connector to direct the input signal to the second connector; a hydrogen source configured to deliver hydrogen to the internal combustion engine; a gasoline source configured to deliver gasoline to the internal combustion engine; an interface circuit, comprising: an input port coupled to receive the input signal from the oxygen sensor; a processing unit coupled with the input port and transforming the input signal to an output voltage by adding voltage to the input signal as a function of hydrogen and gasoline being provided to the internal combustion engine; and an output port coupled with the processing unit and providing the output voltage to the second connector; and a second diode connected to the input port to direct the output voltage to the output port to produce the output signal that is indicative of the input signal and the output voltage.
 10. The automobile of claim 9, wherein the processing unit includes a metal-oxide semiconductor field emission transistor.
 11. The automobile of claim 9, wherein the output voltage includes a pulse comprising a selected duration at a selected voltage level.
 12. The automobile of claim 11, wherein the selected voltage level is in a range from approximately 0.08 volts to 0.90 volts.
 13. The automobile of claim 9, wherein connection between the oxygen sensor and the electronic control unit is not bypassed during operation.
 14. The automobile of claim 9, wherein the processing unit includes a plurality of resistors.
 15. The automobile of claim 9, wherein the processing unit includes a plurality of capacitors.
 16. The automobile of claim 9, wherein the processing unit includes a plurality of potentiometers. 